Suchergebnisse

Intro -- HEALTH BEHAVIOR: NEW RESEARCH -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: The Role of Fitness Classes in the Development of Eating Disorders Among Women -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Sample -- 2.1.1. Questionnaires -- 2.1.2. Semi-structured Interviews -- 2.2. Materials -- 2.2.1. Questionnaires -- 2.2.2. Semi-structured Interviews -- 2.3. Procedure -- 2.3.1. Questionnaires -- 2.3.2. Semi-structured Interviews -- 2.4. Data Analyses -- 2.4.1. Questionnaires -- 2.4.2. Semi-Structured Interviews -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Characteristics of Engagement in Fitness Activities among Women -- 3.2. EDs among Participants in Fitness Classes -- 3.2.1. Higher Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Private Fitness Centers -- 3.2.2. Higher Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Cardio-based Fitness Classes -- 3.2.3. Increase in EDs with Engagement in Fitness Activities -- 3.2.4. Women with Restricting Anorexia Disorders -- 3.3. Motivation for Participating in Fitness Activities and Indicators of EDs -- 3.4. The Use of Fitness Classes and EDs: An Ambivalent Position -- 4. Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: First Year Female Students' Lifestyles and Attitudes towards Health Risk and Preventive Measures (2007/2008) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Aim of Study -- Materials and Methods -- Participants -- Results -- Physical Activity -- Personal Hygiene -- Nutrition and Tobacco/Alcohol Use -- Stress -- Knowledge Regarding Health Care -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Screen-Time and Pediatric Obesity: A Hindrance or a Help? -- Abstract -- Screen-Time as a Hindrance -- Potential Mechanisms -- Displacement of Physical Activity -- Sedentary Behavior -- Increased Energy Intake -- Summary -- Interventions to Reduce Screen-Time.

"This volume consists of eight chapters, selected from papers presented at the Symposium on Human Capital and Health Behavior, organized by the Centre for Health Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, May 19-20, 2016"--page xi

Intro -- HEALTH BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- HEALTH BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Chapter I Global Health Risks and Burden of Disease -- Health Risks -- Low and Middle-Income Countries -- Low-* and (Lower**, Upper***) Middle-Income Countries by Region (World Bank, 2010) -- East Asia and Pacific (24) -- Europe and Central Asia (22) -- Latin America and the Caribbean (29) -- Middle East and North Africa (13) -- South Asia (8) -- Sub-Saharan Africa (47) -- Risk Factors for Mortality and Burden of Disease -- Childhood and Maternal Undernutrition -- Other Nutrition-Related Risk Factors and Physical Inactivity -- Sexual and Reproductive Health -- Addictive Substances -- Environmental Risks -- Other Selected Risks -- Leading Causes of Burden of Disease -- References -- Chapter II Global Health Behavior Interventions -- 2.1. Background -- 2.2. Single or Multiple Intervention Approaches -- Single or Multiple-Risk Behavior -- Single or Multiple-Determinants and Intervention Levels -- Individual Level -- Interpersonal Level -- Community Level -- Single or Multiple Health-Behavior Theories -- 2.3. Plan for Health-Behavior Interventions -- Intervention and Implementation Levels -- Behavioral Change Process and Activities -- Step 1 Planning (Planning, Assessing, Educating) -- Principle 1. Planning Interventions and Programs -- Principle 2. Assessing Social Context -- Principle 3. Education and Training -- Step 2. Delivery (Individual, Community and Population Levels) -- Principle 4. Individual-Level Interventions and Programs -- Principle 5. Community-level Interventions and Programs -- Principle 6. Population-Level Interventions and Programs -- Evaluation (Evaluating and Assessing Cost-Effectiveness) -- Principle 7. Evaluating Effectiveness

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the level of and change in cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and body weight in Nordic countries and compares them with non-Nordic OECD countries. Our results show that the average prevalence of daily smokers is significantly lower for Nordic countries compared to non-Nordic countries. Four out of five Nordic countries are below the non-Nordic average. However, for alcohol consumption and obesity, it is more difficult to see a clear difference between Nordic countries and non-Nordic countries. Sweden ranks relatively low on all three health behaviors, while alcohol consumption is relatively high in Finland and Denmark. Smoking rates are relatively high in Norway, while the obesity rate is relatively high in Iceland. We conclude that although Nordic populations are often perceived as relatively homogeneous in terms of cultural and political aspects, there are interesting differences in health behaviors within these Nordic countries. These differences need more focus in health-economics research and may have a significant potential in light of the availability of health surveys and administrative register data that can sometimes be linked at the individual level. Such Nordic analyses may, in general, help to move the research front forward and can also be used to predict changes in population health and to study the effectiveness of health economic policies.Published: April 2016.

Intro -- ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON HEALTH BEHAVIOR -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE IN TRAIT RUMINATION AND HEALTH -- ABSTRACT -- RUMINATION: A COMPLEX AND MULTIFACETED PROCESS -- RUMINATION: THEORIES AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS -- MEASURING RUMINATION -- RUMINATION AND EMOTION REGULATION -- RUMINATION AND MENTAL HEALTH -- BROODING, REFLECTION AND MENTAL HEALTH -- INTERVENTION PROGRAMS TO REDUCE RUMINATION -- FUTURE RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: EXPRESSIVE WRITING AND HEALTH -- ABSTRACT -- UNDERLYING PROCESSES OF EXPRESSIVE WRITING -- EXPRESSIVE WRITING AND EMOTION REGULATION -- EXPRESSIVE WRITING, HEALTH AND WELLBEING -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIOUR IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHONDRIASIS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THE CLINICAL PICTURE OF HYPOCHONDRIASIS -- 2. THE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH TO HYPOCHONDRIASIS -- 3. HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIOUR IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHONDRIASIS -- 4. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HEALTH BEHAVIOUR OF PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHONDRIASIS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: EXPERIMENTAL, OBSERVATIONAL DESIGN AS AN IMPORTANT METHOD TO IDENTIFY THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF THE IMPACT OF PEER INFLUENCE ON SMOKING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: SCHEMA THERAPY: AN INNOVATIVE EMOTION-FOCUSED PSYCHOTHERAPY MODEL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

This article summarizes the key messages and recommendations from the recent National Academies report, Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century. The first section outlines important definitions and frameworks that guided the committee's process. Next, the article describes the results of the committee's systematic review, which aimed to identify the core components of programs and interventions that are effective across a variety of adolescent health behaviors and outcomes. The final section of this article presents a subset of the committee's recommendations and promising approaches that can be useful to the diverse readership of this journal.

Increasing attention is being paid to the link between insecurity and obesity. The link is, however, still mainly described on national level as causal connections between social security and prevalence of obesity. It remains abstract: why and how this connection works are unanswered questions. In the cross disciplinary field of obesity research, where biomedical world views and large scale quantitative analyzes are dominating, the sociology of health and illness have an important role to play in attempts to understand how structural conditions affect individual and family-level health behavior. Insecurity is becoming a widespread prerequisite in an increasing number of people's lives under the current economic crisis, all the while European governments make cuts on welfare and health budgets. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the connection between insecurity and obesity at the social level where health behavior is enacted, in order to know how to counter health problems that will assumingly grow as social security levels decrease. Based on qualitative interviews with a sample of Danish adults with low SES-status and diverse ethnic backgrounds, this paper explores insecurity as a recurrent pattern in their life conditions and how it affects family health behavior in relation to weight management. Further, it will theoretically conceptualize the empirical examples of insecurity, using Bauman's exploration of security, and discuss ways to sociologically grasp why insecurity facilitates obesity at family level. ; Increasing attention is being paid to the link between insecurity and obesity. The link is, however, still mainly described on national level as causal connections between social security and prevalence of obesity. It remains abstract: why and how this connection works are unanswered questions. In the cross disciplinary field of obesity research, where biomedical world views and large scale quantitative analyzes are dominating, the sociology of health and illness have an important role to play in attempts to understand how structural conditions affect individual and family-level health behavior. Insecurity is becoming a widespread prerequisite in an increasing number of people's lives under the current economic crisis, all the while European governments make cuts on welfare and health budgets. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the connection between insecurity and obesity at the social level where health behavior is enacted, in order to know how to counter health problems that will assumingly grow as social security levels decrease. Based on qualitative interviews with a sample of Danish adults with low SES-status and diverse ethnic backgrounds, this paper explores insecurity as a recurrent pattern in their life conditions and how it affects family health behavior in relation to weight management. Further, it will theoretically conceptualize the empirical examples of insecurity, using Bauman's exploration of security, and discuss ways to sociologically grasp why insecurity facilitates obesity at family level.

"Warum leben Menschen mit höherem sozioökonomischen Status im Durchschnitt länger als jene mit geringerem sozioökonomischen Status und warum sind diese im Allgemeinen gesünder? Unterschiede in Bezug auf Gesundheit und Mortalität können dabei auf Ungleichheiten im Gesundheitsverhalten und auf unterschiedliche Umwelteinflüsse zurückgeführt werden. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt derartige sozioökonomische Ungleichheiten im Gesundheitsverhalten der österreichischen Bevölkerung auf. Die sozioökonomischen Faktoren Bildungsabschluss, Gemeindetyp, Staatsbürgerschaft und Familienstand beeinflussen stark den Lebensstil, den Body Mass Index, das Auftreten von Stress sowie die Bereitschaft zur Gesundheitsvorsorge. Insbesondere das Bildungsniveau, welches hier den sozioökonomischen Status beschreibt, spielt im Gesundheitsverhalten eine wesentliche Rolle." (Autorenreferat)